Carbureter.



E. E. WINKLEY.

CABBURETER.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 8. Isle 1,300,20 Patented Apr. 8,1919.

InvenZd nnns'rus. n. wmxnnx, or LYNN, MASSACHUSETTS.

cannuna'rnn.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Apr. 8-, 1919.

' App1icatlon filed1iay8,1916. Serial No. 96,077.

To all whom. it may concern:

Be it known that I, ERASTUS E. WIHKLEY, a citizen of the United States, residing at Lynn, in the county of Essex and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Carbureters;

and I do hereby declare the following to be a; full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

The present invention relates to carburetors. which are employed in connection with internal combustion motors.

It will be obvious to those skilled in the art that under certain conditions of operation a definite mixture of oxygen and combustible fuel in the proper proportions,

,which may be readily determined, are best suited for perfect combustion. In existing types of carburetors the proportion of combustible fuel to the air is affected by external conditions, as the temperature of the incoming air, the condition of the intakemanifold, and other factors. These external influences tend to cause a' variable mixture of air and gas to be injected into the combustion cham her which may depart to a greater or less degree from the idealproportions.

he object of the present invention is to provide a carbureter which willcause 'a mixture of air and gas of the proper proportions to be injected int the combustion chamber. With this object in view, a feature of the invention contemplates the provision of means for measuring a definite volume of liquid fuel controlled by the pressure in the cylin der at a predetermined point in the compression stroke of the piston. I

A further feature of the invention consists in the combination of a liquid reservoir, a

device for separating a column of liquid of predetermined height from the reservoir,

and means for actuating the measurin device during each cycle of operations 0 the internal combustion motor.

Still further features of the invention consist in certain novel features ofconstruction, combinations and arrangements of parts hereinafter described and claimed, the advantages of which will be obvious to those skilled in the art from the following description. 1

The accompanyingdrawings illustrate a section in elevation of the improved carbureter and a portion of the cylinder of an internal combustion motor.

According to the present invention a definite volume of liquid fuel is measured out to form each explosive charge. The measurement of the fuel is controlled by the pressure in the combustion chamber at a predetermined point in the compression stroke of thepiston.

It will be obviousthat, although the volume of theair at any predetermined point in the travel'of the piston is constant, the pressure may vary a considerable amount, depending upon various factors, as for example, the initial pressure of the air and the condition of the valves and piston" rings. It is desirable that the amount of fuel mixed with the air shall be governed 'by the density of the. air, or in other words, the pressure existing in the combustion chamber at an given point in the travel of the piston.

1th the fuel measured in this manner the factors normally tending to vary the proportions of the'explosiv'e charge are elim nated; and exactly the proper quantity of fuel to form an explosive charge at an iven vol ume and pressure of the air is delivered.

In the illustrated embodiment of the invention a portion of the usual cylinder is indicated at 1, and is provided with an intake valve 2, an exhaust valve 3 supported in the head, and a piston 4 having the usual piston ring 5. The charge of explosive gas is received in a chamber 7 surrounding the intake valve and is exploded in any suitable manner in a combustion chamber 8 formed in the upper portion of the cylinder 1. The carburetor is shown. as secured directly to the side of the cylinder, and is provided with a liquid reservoir 10 having the usual annular float 11,"which serves to maintain a constant level in the reservoir. The float is fulcrumed at 12 and is provided with an extension 13 which engages with the end of a cut-off valve 15 normally maintained in'an open position by a spring 16. This construction constitutes the usual mechanism for controlling the supply of liquid fuel to the carburetor.

by measuring, a column of liquid of predetermined cross-section and height, separating this column from the main body of the liquid, and while so separated, conveying the measured volume of liquid to the combustion chamber. To this end a measuring gage is provided in the form of a tube supported in a cylindrical guide 21 formed in the bottom of the reservoir 10. The gage is normally positioned below the level of the liquid in the reservoir by a controlling pin 23 which engages at its lower end with a ledge 24 formed upon the upper portion of the gage. Coiiperating with the gage is a measuring tube 25 adapted to engage at its lower end with a seat 26 formed in the upper face of the gage to measure a definite volume of liquid. In the operation of 'the mechanism the tube, descending into engagement with the seat 26, incloses a column of liquid of uniform crosssection and of a height determined by the location of the valve seat with relation to the level of the liquid. The measuring tube is actuated intermittently to measure a predetermined volume of liquid during each cycle of operations of the motor and preferably just prior to the suction stroke of the motor. During the suction stroke the measuring tube and gage are retained in contact while. the measured quantity of liquid is removed; and thereafter the tube is separated to permit a fresh charge to be measured. To this end the tube is slidingly supported at its upper end in a guide member 27 formed in the carbureter casing 28-, and is normally depressed into contact with the gage by a spring30 surrounding the tube and interposed between the guide 27 and a collar 31 secured to the tube. The tube is maintained in an elevated position by a bell crank lever fulcrumed upon the-casing at 33 and having one arm 34 which engages beneath the collar and a second arm 35 which is operatively connected with the periphery of a cam 36. The cam 36 is secured to a cam shaft 38 which is actuated from the crank shaft of the motor through any suitable s stem of driving connections, not shown. 's stated previously, the cam 1s arranged to permit the depression of the measuring tube prior to the commencement of the suction stroke of the piston and to elevate the tube at the completion of the suction stroke to permit the measurement of the next succeeding charge. During the withdrawal of the measured quantity of fuel from the measuring tube, the end of the tube is firmly retained in engagement with the valve seat by the spring 30, the

thrust of which is resisted by a spring 40 located within the guiding tube 21 and serving to maintain the gage in the position deterlnmed by the pin 23. The tension of the spring 40 may be conveniently varied through an adjusting member 41 threadedly mounted in a plug 42.

After a definite volume of liquid has been separated from the reservoir it is desirable that this liquid be conveyed in the most efficient manner to the combustion chamber and there mixed with the requiste volume of air. A sufficient amount of an to act as a carrier for the liquid fuel is drawn through the liquid fuel and saturated therewith to convey the fuel to the combustion chamber. To this end the measuring tube 25 is provided with an air passage 45 and a fuel passage 46 extending lengthwise of the tube and separated therefrom except at the bottom, as shown clearly in the drawings. The air which is to act as a carrier for the fuel passes into a hood 50 through an inlet passage 51, and from the hood passes to an annular chamber 52 formed in the guide 27 and surrounding the measuring tube. The air then passes into the passage 45 which is in constant communication with the chamber 52 through an elongated slot 55 formed in the side of the tube, and thence down through the body of liquid, and after being saturated therewith upwardly through the passage 46. The passage 46 is in free communication with a passage formed in a hollow tube 57 through a chamber 58 formed in the guide 27 above the measuring tube. From the last named passage the gasladen air passes directly to the inlet chamher 7 surrounding the valve 2. The main body of air is introduced through the usual intake passage 60 and is mixed with the combustible fuel either .in the chamber 7 or the combustion chamber 8. With this construc- 100 tion it will be obvious that, when the inlet valve is opened, the suction exerted by the piston will serve to draw air primarily from the intake pipe 51 through the various passages in the manner clearly shown by the ar- 106 rows, and conveying the previously measured charge of fuel into the combustion chamber.

It is desirable that the air which is to act as a carrier for the fuel shall be heated both before and after mixing with the liquid fuel. 110 To this end the hollow tube 57 is provided with a heating coil 61 extending throughout the length of the tube and serving to heat the incoming air which passes through the hood 50 and the gas-laden air which passes through 1 15 the interior of the tube prior to its introduction into the combustion chamber. The heating coil is of the usual form and may be connected in any suitable electric circuit, not shown. 120

In order to automatically measure the volume of liquid fuel in accordance with the pressure in the combustion chamber at any predetermined point in the travel of the piston, mechanism controlled by the pressure in 125 the combustion chamber is provided for automatically determining the position of the measuring gage 20 in the liquid reservoir. To this end the controlling pin is automatically adjusted during each cycle of 130 operations of the motor. This adjustment of the controlling pin depends upon the pressure existin 1n the combustion chamber at any given time in the cycle of operations, and if the pressure is unchanged durin a greater or less number of cycles the position of the controlling pin and measuring gage will be maintained constant. The control.- ling pin is slidingly supported in bearings formed in a cover plate 65' secured to the fuel reservoir and is connected at its upper end to an arm 66 which is actuated by a controlling piston 68 having a flange 69 which engages with and rides along the upper face of the arm 66. The controlling lston 68 slides in a fixed sleeve 70 fitted in a cylindrical extension 71, and is in communication with the combustion chamber through a passage 72. The pressure exerted upon the head of the controlling iston is resisted by a spring 74 contained within the piston and surrounding a guide member 75 secured to the head of the piston and sliding at its opposite end in a bearing formed upon the head 27. The controlling piston assumes the position in which the pressure against the head is balanced by the spring 7 4 and in this position determines the location of the flange 69 with relation to the upper face of the arm 66. It will be noted that the arm is inclined with respect to the direction of movement of the piston so that inward and outward movements of v the piston serve to impart vertical movements to the pin 23 and measuring gage 20. In order to cause the pressure Within the combustion chamber to be transmitted to the controlling piston only at a certain predetermined point in the cycle of operations,

mechanism is provided for normally cutting off communication between the controlling piston and the combustion chamber. This 'mechanism conveniently comprises a valve which is located in the communicating passage 72 and which is opened to permit transmission of pressure from the combustion chamber when the piston reaches a predetcrmined point in the upward or compression stroke. Immediately thereafter the valve is closed, maintaining the pressure against the head of the controlling piston until the next succeeding compression stroke of the piston. This mode of operation prevents the continuous fluctuation of the pis- Communiczv the controlling piston is cut off by a valve; 7 6 coiiperating with the valve seat 77 formed 111 the passage 72 and havin an ose the passage. he valve is raised at predetermined intervals to permit commumcation between the combustion chem ber and piston 68 by a bell crank lever fulf crumed at 82 and having one arm 83 engaging beneath the valve stem 78 and a second arm 84 operatively connected with the periphery o o the cam shaft 38 and is of suitable form to cause the opening of the valve 76 at a predetermined point in the com ression stroke and to permit the closing of t e valve immediately thereafter when this pressure hasbeen transmitted to the controlling piston 68.

The invention having been described, what is claimed is:

1. A carburetor for internal combustion motors, comprising a fuel reservoir, and means for measuring a definite volume of fuel controlled by the-pressure in the combustion chamber at a predetermined point in the compression stroke of the piston.

2. A carbureter, comprising a fuel reservoir, means for measuring a definite quantity of fuel from the reservoir, and mechanism controlled by the pressure in the combustion chamber upon the compression stroke of the piston for varying the amount of fuel which is measured.

3. A carbureter, comprising a liquid reservoir, a measuring device located in' the reservoir for separating a column of liquid of predetermined height from the latter, and mechanism for actuating the measuring device during each cycle of operations of the internal combustion motor.

4. A carburetor, comprisinga liquid reservoir, a device for separating a column of liquid from the reservolr, mechanism for actuating the measuring device during each cycle of operations of the internal combustion motor, and means controlled by the pressure in the combustion chamber for varying the volume of liquid which is separated by the measuring device.

5. A carbureter, comprisin a fuel reservoir, means for measuring a efinite volume of fuel from the reservoir during each cycle of operations of the motor, and means controlled by the pressure in the combustion chamber for varying the volume of fuel measured.

a cam 86. The cam 86 is secured 6. A carbureter, comprising a liquid reservoir, means for maintaining the level of liquid in the reservoir at a predetermined height, a measuring gage, mechanism for positioning the gage at a predetermined distance below the level of the, liquid, and means cooperating with the gage to sep- Ill arate a column of liquid from the reservoir.

7. A carbureter, comprising mechanism for measuring a predetermined volume of liquid fuel, means for operatin theme'asuring device during one cycle 0 operations of the internal co ustion motor, and means fcontrolled by the pressure in the combustion chamber for varying the volume of liquid measured.

1 8. A carbureter, comprising a fuel reser-- voir, means for maintaining a constant level of hquid in the reservoir, a. measuring device positioned below the level of the liquid, a tube, and mechanism for causing the tube to engage with the measuring device and separate a column of liquid from the reservoir.

9. A carburetor, comprising a fuel reser- V011, a measuring devlce sup orted 1nthe I reservoir, mechanism controlle by the presthe motor to actuate the connections in aca definite volume of liquid.

cordance with the pressure in the combustion chamber, a tube, and means for causing the tube to cooperate'with the gage and measure 11. A carbureter, comprising a liquid reservoir, :1, gage device having a seat located in a predetermined position with relation to the level of liquid in the reservoir, and a tube coiiperating with the seat of the gage device to separate a column of liquid from the reservoir. p

12. A carbureter for internal combustion motors, comprising a liquid reservoir, a measuring device in the reservoir, a rotary cam adapted to be operated from the motor, and connections between the cam and measuring device for causing the device to meas-.

ure a definite volume of liquid from the reservoir during eachcycle of operations of the motor.

13. A carburetor for internal combustion motors, comprising a liquid reservoir, means .for normally maintaining a constant level of liquid in the reservoir, a gage device located in a' predetermined ositlon with relation to the level of liqui connections for causing the position of the gageto be controlled by t chamber, and mechanism operating intermittently for ermittin communication between the com ustion c amber and the controlling me'ans. I

14. A carbureter, comprising a liquid reservoir, a measuring tube having an air passage and a fuel Eissage therein, means for operating the tu to inclose a column of liquid therein, and a passage communicating e pressure inthe combustionbetween the fuel passage in the tube and the combustion chamber of the motor to cause the liquid to be withdrawn from the tube by the suction in the motor.

15. A carbureter, comprising a measuring gage,a controlling piston the position of which is determined by the pressure in the .combustion chamber at a predetermined point in the cycle of operations of the motor, and connections between the piston and gage for controlling the position of the gage in accordance with the pressure in the combustion chamber.

16. A carbu-reter for internal combustion motors, comprising a fuel reservoir, and means for measuring predetermined quantities of liquid from the fuel reservoir constructed and arranged to cause the quantity of liquid thus measured to vary in accordance with variations in the density of the mixture in the combustion chamber of the motor.

17. A carbureter for internal combustion motors, comprising a fuel reservoir, a fuel passage leading from the reservoirto the combustion chamber of the motor, and means for causing a variable quantity of fuel to pass from the reservoir to the combustion chamber of the motor dependin upon the pressure in the combustion cham er.

ERASTUS E. WINKLEY. 

